IVC syndrome can be caused by tumors or vein thrombosis arising from which locations?

• A. Pulmonary and Cardiac
• B. Brain and Spinal
• C. Spleen and Pancreas
• D. Hepatic and Renal

Answer: (D)

IVC syndrome happens when the inferior vena cava is obstructed, often by tumor growth or thrombosis in structures that drain directly into it. Tumors of the liver and kidneys are classic culprits because their venous outflow enters the IVC via the hepatic and renal veins. When such tumors invade or compress the IVC, venous return from the lower body backs up, producing the syndrome. In contrast, brain or spinal tumors don’t affect the IVC directly, and the spleen and pancreas are more associated with the portal venous system rather than the IVC, making them unlikely primary sources. So hepatic and renal origins best explain IVC syndrome.