Which statement best describes giant cell arteritis?

• A. It is a chronic inflammatory vasculitis often affecting older adults
• B. It is an acute bacterial infection
• C. It affects only veins
• D. It is caused by viral infection

Answer: (A)

Giant cell arteritis is a chronic inflammatory vasculitis of medium to large arteries, most often in adults over 50. The inflammation is granulomatous in nature and involves the vessel wall, leading to intimal thickening and luminal narrowing. This chronic inflammatory process explains features such as headaches, jaw claudication, and, importantly, the risk of vision loss if not treated promptly with steroids. The age association and the vascular, not infectious, nature are what this statement accurately conveys. It is not an acute bacterial infection, it does not affect only veins, and it is not caused by a viral infection, making those descriptions incorrect.